What is Myofascial Pain Syndrome?

Myofascial Pain Syndrome (MPS) is a chronic pain disorder caused by irritation of sensitive points in your muscles—called trigger points—which can cause pain in seemingly unrelated parts of the body (referred pain). It typically results from central sensitisation, muscle overuse, stress, or injury, and may persist long after the original cause has resolved. Unlike general muscle soreness, the pain in MPS is more persistent, often described as deep, aching, or sharp, and may worsen with activity or stress.

Common Symptoms:

  • Deep, aching muscle pain
  • Stiffness and tightness in the affected muscle
  • Tender knots (trigger points) in the muscles
  • Referred pain in other areas of the body
  • Reduced range of motion
  • Difficulty sleeping or fatigue due to persistent pain
 
 

Possible Causes and Risk Factors:

  • Central Sensitisation
  • Genetic vulnerability
  • Muscle overuse or repetitive strain environmental factors like bright lights or strong smells can trigger migraine attacks.
  • Poor posture or ergonomics
  • Acute injury or trauma
  • Anxiety disorders (leading to muscle tension)
  • Traumatic events
  • Whiplash
  • Sedentary lifestyle or lack of movement
  • Nutritional deficiencies or sleep disturbances

Management of Myofascial Pain Syndrome:

Effective management involves a multidisciplinary approach to relieve trigger point pain, improve function, and prevent recurrence.

Medications

  • NSAIDs or muscle relaxants to reduce pain and inflammation
  • Antidepressants for chronic pain modulation
  • Topical treatments such as menthol / 4% lidocaine patches, ointments or rubs

Medications

  • NSAIDs or muscle relaxants to reduce pain and inflammation
  • Antidepressants for chronic pain modulation
  • Topical treatments such as menthol / 4% lidocaine patches, ointments or rubs

Lifestyle and Rehabilitation:

  • Stress management techniques such as mindfulness or yoga
  • Ergonomic assessments for work and home environments
  • Regular, gentle exercise to maintain muscle health

Physical Therapy:

  • Stretching, strengthening, and postural correction exercises
  • Myofascial release and manual therapy
  • Dry needling or acupuncture to deactivate trigger points

Physical Therapy:

  • Stretching, strengthening, and postural correction exercises
  • Myofascial release and manual therapy
  • Dry needling or acupuncture to deactivate trigger points

Trigger Point Injections:

  • Injections of local anesthetic (with or without steroid) into trigger points to relieve pain
  • These can be very effective in breaking the pain-spasm-pain cycle

When to Seek Help:

If you’re experiencing persistent muscle pain, especially with localized tender points or referred pain patterns, seek medical advice. Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent chronicity.

How Can We Help?

At PainClinicNI, we specialize in diagnosing and treating complex musculoskeletal pain conditions like Myofascial Pain Syndrome. Our approach includes:
  • Detailed assessment
  • Medication optimisation
  • Personalised treatment plans
  • Trigger point injections with image guidance (ultrasound)
  • Botox to trigger points with image guidance (ultrasound)
  • Holistic support including stress and sleep management
“We’re here to help you move freely, feel better, and take back control of your life.”